~Hiawatha (Haion-Hawa-Tha)~

Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Chief

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This figure is a 16 inch full body sculpt, not including his headdress.  His clothing designs are authentic and are constructed of lightweight leather sued.  His headdress is authentic as well.  Not all Native Americans wore the war bonnets that were worn in the plains and western parts of the US.  The Hiawatha Belt was copied from internet photographs as closely as I could with the exception of the type of beads used.  I chose small beads to closely resemble the Wampum beads used in the original. 

 

Please read Hiawatha's full story below.
 

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Hiawatha was born a Mohawk of the Wolf Clan, but lived with the Onondaga when his teachings for peace were rejected. He was a Shaman, lawgiver and Unifier of Nations who lived around 1750. He was also the namesake of a fictional poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "The Song of Hiawatha".

Troubled by the hostilities between the Algonquin speaking tribes, he spoke against the senseless killing and acts of violence which could destroy them all. His efforts to unite the tribes was violently opposed by and Onondaga chief, Thadodaho who killed Hiawatha's three daughters. Thadadaho was a wizard who ruled by fear, was a cannibal and reportedly had snakes writing in his hair, gnarled crooked legs and arms.

After the death of his daughters, Hiawatha left the tribe and became a wanderer, grieving for his daughters. During his solitude in the wilderness, Hiawatha collected shells and made three strands from them ( the first Wampum). About this time a Huron prophet named Degonewida took notice of Hiawatha. They had much in common, both wanted peace, so they united their efforts. Degonewida's name is sacred to the Iroquois and is only spoken in ceremonies. The meeting of Hiawatha and Degonewida had been told in prophecy.

First they went to the Oneida who accepted the Great Peace, then to the Onondaga, but Thadadaho again refused. They then obtained agreement from the Cayuga and the Mohawk, then returned to the Onondaga. At last Thadadaho agreed on the condition that Onondaga be the meeting place of the Confederacy, they would be the Fire keepers and keepers of the Wampum.
 

It is said that as soon as Thadadaho accepted the Great Peace the snakes ceased to move, were combed from his hair and his gnarled limbs straightened.

Jikonsahsea, (The Great Peace Woman) joined in their efforts to unite the tribes. They then approached the Seneca who were against the Great Peace but agreed when they were told they were the only ones who opposed. The Iroquois Confederacy of Five Nations was born.

The Hiawatha Wampum Belt symbolizes the unity of the five Iroquois nations. The squares from left to right signify the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga by the Great White Pine Tree (also considered Wampum), Cayuga and Seneca. The line between indicates Alliance with the ends open to invite other nations to join. Some say that if the Hiawatha Belt is laid across a map of New York State, the symbols indicate the territory of the tribes. Years later the Tuscarora joined the Confederacy, thus it became the Six Nations Confederacy.

Wampum are not the trade bead commonly associated with them by movies and cowboy and Indian stories. Wampum beads are made from two types of shells, the Quahog (a type of thick shelled clam) and the Atlantic Welk. They are long and cylinder shaped and are white (from the Atlantic welk) and purple (from the Quahog). the patterns in which they are beaded have definite meaning and interpretation by the Iroquois. Wampum is also the symbol of the Great White Pine Tree under which the tribes buried weapons of war at the time of the Great Peace.

Benjamin Franklin promoted the Iroquois Confederacy to the Colonists and in 1744 at Conassotego an Iroquois chief counseled the Colonists to unite as the Iroquois had. The plan was presented at the Albany Congress but was not accepted then. About twenty years later the Albany plan influenced our Articles of Confederation which became our Constitution and was based on the Iroquois Confederacy Constitution.

The Haudenosaunee men's feathered headdress or Gustoweh indicates his nation. One eagle feather pointing upward and another down on top indicates Onondaga. One eagle feather only, pointing upwards, indicates Seneca, etc.

At the time that Hiawatha lived the Haudenosaunee men wore only deer skin leggings, moccasins and breechcloth in summer. In winter, both men and women wore a tunic, leggings, etc. When preparing for war, the men shaved their hair into a Mohawk. Until contact with white men, their clothing was decorated with the white/purple beads, usually quillwork, bone beads or grasses and natural materials. The glass beads of the white man allowed the beautiful beaded work one sees on their clothing today.

As I have not quilled since I was a kid, my quilling is not of a quality I would use on this figure, so I have substituted the beading, which is not strictly authentic.


 

 

 


 



 


 

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

              

Copyright 2006  S. Nicolas Originals

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